Some English words about Chinese traditional culture(2)
4.5 Five Elements
Five Elements are also pertinent to nature. 五行也与自然息息相关。
the emperors’ hope of national stability 皇帝的希望——国泰民安
Yellow correspond with earth. 黄色对应土。
Five Elements are metal, wood, water, fire and earth.
五行是金，木，水，火和土。
The imperial colours in the Forbidden City are yellow,red, green, white and black.
紫禁城的皇家色彩有黄色，红色，绿色，白色和黑色。
Metal corresponds with white, wood corresponds withgreen，and water isrelated to black, fire is associated with red, and earth is linked to yellow.
金配白色，木配绿色，水配黑色，火配红色，土配黄色。
The three-terraced marble of the three halls are white.
三大殿的三层大理石台基是白色的。
The Crown Prince's residences havegreen tiles because green was associated with wood, and thus growth.
皇太子的住宅有绿瓦因为绿色对应木，表示成长。
Black is associated with water, sothe library at the Pavilion of Literary Profundity had black tiles.
黑色对应水，因此文渊阁里的皇家图书馆有黑瓦。
Red, corresponding with fire, symbolises good fortuneand joy.
红色，对应火，象征好运和快乐。
Yellow generates Yin and Yang,which implies that yellow is the centerof everything.
黄色产生阴阳，这暗示黄色是万物之中心。
As the three halls of the Outer Court symbolised thesupreme imperial sovereignty, they erected above a 土-shaped terrace.
由于外朝三大殿象征至高无上的皇权，所以它们被建在一个土字形台基上。
Wood is east, fire is south, metal is west, water isnorth and earth is centre.
木在东方，火在南方，金在西方，水在北方而土居中央。
4.6 Yin and yang
The Limitless (Wuji) producesthe delimited,
and this is the supreme ultimate (Taiji)
The Taiji produces two forms, (namedyin and yang)
The two forms produce fourphenomena,(named lesser yin, great yin, lesser yang, great yang.)
The four phenomena act on theEight Trigrams (bagua).
无极生有极
有极生太极
太极生两仪（即阴和阳）
两仪生四象， (即少阴，太阴，少阳，太阳。）
四象生八卦。
Yin and yang can transform into each other. 阴阳可以相互转变。
The south is yang while the north is yin. 南为阳北为阴。
Actually both Eight trigrams and Five Elements derivefrom yin and yang.
事实上无论是八卦还是五行都源于阴阳。
The odd number is yang while the even number is yin.
奇数为阳而偶数为阴。
The Outer Court in the south is yang while the InnerCourt in the north is yin.
外朝为阳内廷为阴。
Lesser yin means there is yang in the yin domain.
少阴是阴域里有阳。
The Palace of Earthly Tranquility can be viewed as greatyin.
坤宁宫可以看成太阴。
The transition between great yin and lesser yin is theHall of Union while that between great yang and lesser yang is the Hall ofMiddle Harmony.
太阴和少阴之间的过度是交泰殿而太阳和少阳之间的过度是中和殿。
All these interpretations lead to the icon of Taiji.
这些解释符合太极图形的表述。
Great yang the Hall of Supreme Harmony is at the top ofthe white area and the black eye in the white area is lesser yin, the Hall ofPreserving Harmony.
太阳太和殿在白色区域的顶部而白色区域的黑色鱼眼是少阴，即保和殿。
The white eye in the black area is lesser yang, thePalace of Heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility is great yin atthe end of the black area.
那么黑色区域的白色鱼眼是少阳即乾清宫那么坤宁宫就是太阴，居于黑色区域的底部。
4.7
ChineseArchitectural Wisdom
the building materials 建筑材料
intricate design 精心的巧思
the monsoon rains 季风雨
weather conditions 天气条件
manufacturing cycle 制作周期
special maintenance 特殊保养
the largest wooden complex inthe world 世界上最大的木建筑综合体
a commoner from the Department of Construction 一个工部的平民
one brick, one liang (50g) of gold. 一块砖头，一两(50克)金子。
reconstruction of the Hall ofSupreme Harmony 重建太和殿
the logging and transporting ofNanmu 采伐和运输楠木
the manufacturing of golden bricks 制造金砖
mops soaked in kerosene 浸在煤油里的抹布
incredible durability 令人难以置信的持久性
architectural state of the art
最高建筑技艺
the transporting of a 300-tonsingle marble slab
运输一块重达300吨的整块大理石
Each trigram corresponds to anaspect of life and nature.
每卦对应生命和自然的一个方面。
4.8
Dragon as a cultural symbol
All things submit to yin and embrace yangand Yin and yangtransform each other.
万物负阴抱阳而且阴阳之间相互转换。
The three halls of the Outer Courtand the Three Rear Palaces can interpret the transformation of yin and yang infour forms
-–great yin, lesser yin, lesseryang and great yang.
外朝三大殿和后三宫诠释了阴阳四象之间的变换
——太阴，少阴，少阳和太阳。
transformation of the existing soft property of theearth into hard enduring golden bricks
将泥土已有的软性转性成坚硬耐用的金砖
screen walls
影壁
the land of dragon 龙的土地
a mythical creature 神兽
imperial architecture 皇室建筑
the descendants of dragon 龙的传人
the Palace of Tranquil Longevity 宁寿宫
the soul of Chinese Nation
中华民族的灵魂
a glazed-tile Nine Dragons Screen 琉璃九龙壁
Five Elements correlate to nature,too. 五行也与自然关联。
divine powers to summon wind and rain 呼风唤雨的神力
an emblem reserved for the imperial regime 皇室政权的徽章
the cultural journey to the Forbidden City
紫禁城的文化之旅
Dragons are varied in the Forbidden City. 在紫禁城里龙是千变万化的。
5.2
Originof Cheongsam
Horse Hoof Cuff 马蹄袖
body-hugging 修身的
one-piece 衣裳连属的、一件的
theEight Banners 八旗
tight-fitting
紧身的
straight gown 直襟的长袍
triangular front piece 三角形前襟
Manchu 满族
loose-fitting 宽松的，松身式的
theEight Banners 八旗
the Banner People
旗人
the nomadic people 游牧民族
round collar
圆领
narrowsleeves 窄袖
slits of the four sides 四面开衩
riding and shooting 骑射
“flowerpot sole” “花盆底”
“horse hoof sole” “马蹄底”
“reversed large sleeves” “倒大袖”
“double horns hair style” “两把头”
the great order of heaven and earth 天地秩序
the upper and lower garments 上衣下裳的着装形制
garments, food, shelter, and means of travel
衣食住行
one straight piece covering the whole body
宽身直筒
Hair Shaving and Costumes Change Policy 剃发易服
one-piece gown-style garments
上下连属的一件制服式
cultural interaction between the Manchu and Han people 满汉交融
5.3
Evolutionof Cheongsam
the “going up to mountain and down to countryside”movement “上山下乡”运动
oriental elegance, tranquility, and mystery东方的典雅、纯朴与神秘
the beauty of the curvy body shape 身体的曲线美
the charm of the oriental women 东方女性的魅力
in the years at the turn of the century 世纪之交
Reform and Opening Door Policy 改革开放政策
the commodity economy times 商品经济时代
Western Feminist Movement 西方女权主义运动
very popular in the whole China 风靡全中国
the scum of the old society 旧社会的残渣
blue cotton cloth cheongsam 蓝布旗袍
unique oriental charm 独特的东方魅力
bourgeois life style 资产阶级生活方式
People’s Republic of China 中华民国
New Culture Movement 新文化运动
the curve of female figure 身材曲线
New Culture Movement 新文化运动
Feminist Movement 女权运动
jacquard woven brocade 提花锦缎
feudalist dynasty 封建王朝
be given a cold shoulder 遭冷遇
army style 军便服
commodity economy 商品经济
woolencloth 呢绒
the award ceremony 颁奖典礼
stand-up collar 立领
Cultural Revolution 文化大革命
coiled button 盘扣
stylish cheongsam 时尚旗袍
Lenin Jacket 列宁装
workers’ uniform 工装服
Lenin jacket 列宁装
golden ages
全盛阶段
set aside 搁置一旁
take the lead to 率先
silk 丝绸
Rescinded 废除；撤销；停止；废止
linen 麻
Shackle 束缚；羁绊；枷锁
Camlet 羽纱
Rage 流行，风行
cotton 棉布
5.4
Design of Cheongsam and Its CulturalConnotation and Aesthetic Thoughts
the interaction between the Manchu and Han cultures 满汉文化的交融
the combination of Chinese and western fashions 中西时尚的合璧
highly esteem the right and think lowly of the left 尊右卑左
restraining oneself and following the etiquette 克己复礼
an indispensable fashion element 不容忽视的时尚元素
Zhi (meaning “sewing”) “黹”or Zhenzhi (“针黹”)
be made accurately to the measurement 量体裁衣
the curve of the female body 女性的身材曲线
the Confucian Book of Rites 孔子《礼记》
the Instruction Books for Women 《女诫》
Oriental sense of moderation 中庸之美
Oriental sense of moderation 中庸之道
Yue Embroidery from Guangdong 粤绣
“Shou”character-shaped button 寿字扣
chrysanthemum-shaped button 菊花扣
Xiang Embroidery from Hunan 湘绣
Shu Embroidery from Sichuan 蜀绣
Su Embroidery from Suzhou 苏绣
the open front-piece style 开襟形式
water drop-shaped collar 水滴领
elegancy and delicacy 优雅细致
butterfly-shaped button 蝴蝶扣
frog/coiled button 盘扣/盘纽
everlasting fashion 永驻时尚
pipa-shaped button 琵琶扣
be well received 广受欢迎
shoe-shaped collar 元宝领
wave-shaped collar 波浪领
V-shaped collar V字领
not revealing 衣不露体
unique designs 独特设计
aestheticvalues 美学价值
jacquard fabric 提花织物
auspiciouscloud 祥云
originate from 脱胎于
the front piece 前襟
stand-up collar 立领
plumblossom 梅花
“Ruyi” button 如意扣
woolen cloth 呢绒
collar band 领头
needlework 女红；针绣
exquisite 精美的；精致的
refined 考究的；精致的
sleeves 衣袖
removal 废除；去除
infinitely 极其
shoulder 肩
embedding 嵌条
coiling 盘扣
embroidering 刺绣
chrysanthemum 菊花
embroidery 刺绣
camlet 羽纱
incorporate 融合
absorb 吸收
orchid 兰花
pattern 纹样
peony 牡丹花
brocade 锦缎
lacing 镶边
edging 滚边
chest 胸
waist 腰
hip 臀
hem 衣摆
asymmetrical 非对称的，不对称的
decency 合宜；得体；正派；合乎礼仪
meticulously 精心细致地；一丝不苟地；注意细节地
6.2
History of Chinese Paper Cutting
precious gems of Chinese traditional culture 中国传统文化的无价瑰宝
people of different economic status 来自于各个经济阶层的老百姓
handed down from generation to generation 代代相传
Anecdotes about Spirits andImmortals 《搜神记》
summon spirits and calm the nerves 招魂压惊
Reform and Opening Door policy 改革开放政策
modern interior design 室内装潢设计
a decorative device 一种装饰艺术手段
artistic features 艺术特色
Chinese folk arts 中国民间艺术
cultural values 艺术价值
“Gold-silver Ping Tuo” “金银平脱”
credit 认为
domestic decoration家居装饰
archaeological 考古的
“Jin State Shoes” “晋国鞋”
gold foil 金箔
unearth出土
necromancer 方士
silhouette轮廓
lacquerware 漆器
bronze mirrors 铜镜
pattern 纹样
excavate 发掘，挖掘（古物等）
adorn 装饰
papermaking industry 造纸业
prevail 盛行
hadow puppetry 皮影戏
porcelain瓷器
heyday 鼎盛时期
chronicles编年史
pray for a fine day 祈晴
textile dyeing 纺织品印染
in its own right 本身，自身
trademarks 商标设计
UNESCO 联合国教科文组织
stamp design邮票设计
fashion design 时装设计
book binding书籍装帧
with the advent of随着……到来
cartoon books卡通画册
"masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage ofhumanity"
“人类口述和非物质遗产代表作”
“Carving Sheng on Gold Foil, Cutting out Human Figureson Silk”
“镂金作胜，剪彩为人”
the thorough and systematic transcripts about
关于……详尽而系统的介绍
6.3
Artistic Features of Chinese Paper Cutting
the most participated among the common people 最为广泛的群众性
unique historical and geographical conditions 独特的历史和地理条件
“baby with coiledhair on lotus bearing seeds” “蓬里生子”
Wuqiang Woodblock New Year Painting 武强木板水印年画
primitive and farming culture 原始文化和农耕文化
“Double fish with human faces” “双鱼人面”图案
ghosts, evil spirits, demons and monsters 魑魅魍魉
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》
“paired fish baby with coiled hair” “双鱼娃娃”
distinct geographic features 鲜明的地域特征
drive away ghosts and evil spirits 挡鬼辟邪
Yangliuqing New Year Painting
杨柳青年画
Dream of the Red Chamber 《红楼梦》
“fairies from five paths” “五道娃娃”
“baby with coiled hair” “抓髻娃娃”
sweep away the clouds 扫云止雨“
spirit callingbaby” “招魂娃娃”
“lotus flower baby” “莲花娃娃”
call back human spirit 招人魂灵
multi-ethnic population
民族众多“ pomegranatebaby” “石榴娃娃”
true-to-life depictions 逼真的描绘
profoundconnotations 丰富的内涵
unique charm 独特魅力
exact lines 精致的线条
vast territory 地域辽阔
ingenious patterns 巧妙的图案
Yuxian paper cutting 蔚县剪纸
“windowflower” “窗花”
vivid figures
栩栩如生的人物
vigorousin style 风格苍劲
eternity of life 人类的永生
lawsof nature 自然规律
patron saint 保护神
“happy baby” “喜娃娃”
painted pottery 彩陶
Yangshao Culture 仰韶文化中
Neolithic Age 新石器时代
Banpoof Shaanxi 陕西半坡
totem symbols 图腾符号
primitive society 原始社会
Loess Plateau 黄土高原
“sweeping lady” “扫晴娘”
totem animals 图腾动物
legendaryanimals 神袛动物
unconstraint 古拙随意
exquisite 灵巧纤秀
pouch 荷包
chair-cover 椅搭
disposition 性格、性情
all-inclusive 包罗万象
propagation
繁衍
totem 图腾
immutable 不可抗拒的
ultimate 终极的，最终的
longevity 长寿
perpetuity 永生，不朽
lintel 门楣
depiction描写，描述，描绘
vicious 邪恶的
confine 限制
invisible 无形的
supernatural 超自然的
6.4 Cultural Values of Chinese Paper Cutting
color system in Chinese folk art
中国民间艺术的色彩系统
“two phoenixes playing around a peony” “凤凰戏牡丹”
“phoenixes flyingamong peony blossoms”“凤穿牡丹”
“mandarin ducks playing in water” “鸳鸯戏水”
“a pair of fish with human faces” “人面双鱼”
Li Ji – Yue Ling 《礼记·月令》folk customs民俗
“two dragonsplaying with a ball” “二龙戏珠”
“a golden clockover a frog” “金钟扣蛤蟆”
original Chinese philosophy 中国本原哲学
“a snake twininground a rabbit” “蛇盘兔”
“lion playingwith a silk ball” “狮子滚绣球”
twelve Chinese zodiac animals 十二生肖
funeral and memorial service 丧俗丧祭
“fish playing around lotus” “鱼戏莲”
“lotus bearing seeds” “蓬生子”
“a deer and acrane” “鹿鹤同春”
Indispensable 不可或缺的
embody 呈现，体现
mugwort 艾蒿
eave 屋檐
offering 祭奠品
dispel 驱逐，消除，驱散
archaeology
考古学
humanities
人类学
continuity 连续，延续
preservation 保护
aesthetics 美学
customary传统的
mineral 矿物质的
grief 哀思
Newlywed 新人
broomcorn 角黍
mourning 悼念
parental 父母的
redeem 赎回，挽回
immortality 永生
Deceased 死者
afterlife 来生，来世
dowry
嫁妆
newborn 新生
pestilence 瘟疫
virulent 致命的，剧毒的
adornment 装饰，装饰品
rotating 旋转的
totem door god 图腾门神
daily life appliance 生活用具
vat and jar flower 缸花、瓮花
folkart 民间艺术
porcelain decorations 瓷器装饰
cultural values 文化价值
shoe flower 鞋花
lunar calendar农历
hat decoration 帽饰
summer solstice 夏至
realgar liquor 雄黄酒
rice dumplings 粽子
race dragon boats 赛龙舟
red ornaments 朱符
wear scented pouches 佩戴香包
cattaildragon 蒲龙
Chinese local chronicles 中国地方志
bridalchamber 新房
“double happiness” “红双喜”
mugworttiger 艾虎
a wide-spread popularity 广泛流行
jadeadornment 玉饰
redeem the soul 超度灵魂
social function 社会功能
“passing away” “仙逝”
“return to heaven” “归天”
rites and ceremonies 人生礼仪
culturalideology 文化思想
philosophical viewpoint 哲学观念
perpetual life 生命永生
study of the social sciences社会学
paintedpottery 彩陶
prehistorical time 史前时期
conform to 符合，遵照
prehistorical philosophy
史前哲学
Loess Plateau 黄土高原
view of perpetual life 生生观
cultural code文化符号
the Upper Cave Man 山顶洞人
spiritual eternity灵魂不死
life-threatening 威胁生命的
culturalheritage 文化遗产